See language in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
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},
{
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"1": "fro",
"2": "langue",
"3": "-age"
},
"expansion": "langue + -age",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *linguāticum. Attested in the Passion. Derivable from langue + -age.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "language oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "languages",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
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},
{
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"expansion": "language oblique singular, f (oblique plural languages, nominative singular language, nominative plural languages)",
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],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French terms suffixed with -age",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
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},
{
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}
],
"glosses": [
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],
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]
],
"wikipedia": [
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]
}
],
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},
{
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{
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}
],
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],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"archaic or misspelling"
],
"word": "language"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "languaige"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "language"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "langage"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "language"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "language"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "language"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "langag"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "language"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "langwache"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lengaç"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lingaz"
},
{
"lang": "Medieval Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "linguāgium"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "linguatg"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"tags": [
"Sursilvan",
"Surmiran"
],
"word": "lungatg"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"tags": [
"Sutsilvan"
],
"word": "lungaitg"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"Vallader"
],
"tags": [
"Puter"
],
"word": "linguach"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la-vul:*linguāticum"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*dn̥ɣwā\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"dingua\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"lingua\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂tos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ātos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātus\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ic\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icus\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"-āticus\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"-āticum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\", \"pos\" : \"noun-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*linguāticum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"language\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"language\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*linguāticum",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *linguāticum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*linguāticum"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *linguāticum",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "langue",
"3": "-age"
},
"expansion": "langue + -age",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *linguāticum. Attested in the Passion. Derivable from langue + -age.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "language oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "languages",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "language",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "languages",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "language oblique singular, f (oblique plural languages, nominative singular language, nominative plural languages)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s",
"Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Old French terms suffixed with -age",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"language (style of communicating)"
],
"links": [
[
"language",
"language#English"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:Passion_du_Christ_(Clermont)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lenˈɡwad͡ʒə/",
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lanˈɡad͡ʒə/",
"note": "classical"
},
{
"ipa": "/lanˈɡaʒə/",
"note": "late"
}
],
"word": "language"
}
Download raw JSONL data for language meaning in Old French (11.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'language oblique singular or', originally 'language oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"language"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "language",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'language oblique singular or', originally 'language oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"language"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "language",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'language oblique singular or' in 'language oblique singular, f (oblique plural languages, nominative singular language, nominative plural languages)'",
"path": [
"language"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "language",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.